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TOX/2025/45 Appendix A &B

TOX/2025/45

Last updated: 17 December 2025

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Appendix A

Search methodology

1.    The following electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published between 2014 and 2024: LitFetch (which includes material from PubMed, Scopus, Ebsco (Food Science Source) and Springer), Google and Google Scholar. The searches were conducted on various dates between 13th  May 2024 and 24th May 2024.

2.    The search terms used included ‘echinacea’ AND: (‘pregnan*’ OR ‘maternal*’ OR ‘reproduction’ OR ‘gestation’ OR ‘lactation’ OR ‘preconception’ OR ‘development’ OR ‘tox*’ OR ‘safety’ OR ‘uses’ OR ‘consumption’ OR ‘indication’ OR ‘interaction’).

3.    The references from extracted papers were searched for citations not captured in the literature search. Only articles published in English were included, due to the linguistic abilities of the reviewer.

4.    The UKTIS was also asked for information on any enquiries relating to maternal echinacea use and any reports of adverse effects in pregnant women or their newborn infants received from 1983 to June 2024. This included information relating to the type, dosage, duration, and timing of echinacea taken and any pregnancy outcomes captured through follow-up.

Appendix B

Table 7: Food products containing Echinacea.

Product name

Type

Echinacea species and plant part

Composition

Directions for use

Daily dose of Echinacea (mg)

Additional information/ warnings

Pukka Herbs | Elderberry and Echinacea Organic Herbal Tea

Tea bags.

Echinacea (species not specified) herb.

Ginger root, liquorice root, Echinacea herb (11%), beetroot, aniseed, rosehip, peppermint leaf, orange peel, elderflower (5%), elderberry (4%), hibiscus, orange essential oil flavour, blackcurrant flavour.

Not specified.

Not specified.

NA

Yogi Tea | Echinacea Special Formula

Tea bags.

Not specified.

Cinnamon, Echinacea, ginger, fennel, rooibos, roasted chicory, carob, cardamom, basil, burdock root, black pepper, turmeric root, astragalus, vanilla beans.

Pour 250 ml of freshly boiled water over the teabag. Allow to infuse for 5 to 6 minutes - or longer for a stronger flavour.

Not specified.

NA

Yogi Tea, Echinacea Immune Support, Caffeine Free, 16 Tea Bags, 0.85 oz (24 g)

Tea bags.

Echinacea purpurea Plant part not specified.

Each tea bag contains:
144 mg Echinacea purpurea,
47 mg Echinacea purpurea extract,
1,245 mg herb blend (rose hips, dried acerola juice, basil, cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, elderberries, black pepper, moringa, hibiscus, cocoa shells, liquorice, fennel).

Bring water to boiling and steep 7 minutes. For a stronger tea, use 2 tea bags. Drink 3-4 cups daily.

432 - 1,152 mg Echinacea purpurea and
141 - 376 mg Echinacea purpurea extract.

Consult your healthcare provider prior to use if you are pregnant or nursing, taking any medication or if you have a medical condition.

Traditional Medicinals, Organic Echinacea Plus, Elderberry, Caffeine Free, 16 Wrapped Tea Bags, 0.85 oz (24 g)

Tea bags.

Echinacea purpurea herb.

Each tea bag contains:
1005 mg Echinacea purpurea herb,
127.5 mg European elder flower,
1,245 mg herb blend (ginger rhizome, chamomile flower, yarrow flower, peppermint leaf, Echinacea purpurea root dry extract (2-8:1), European elder fruit dry concentrate).

Pour 8 oz (~227 mL) freshly boiled water over 1 tea bag. Cover & Steep for 10-15 min. Enjoy 5-6 cups throughout the day.

5,025 - 6,030 mg Echinacea purpurea herb.

Do not use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding unless directed otherwise by your healthcare practitioner. Not recommended for use with children under 12 years of age.

Traditional Medicinals, Organic Immune Zoom®, Lemon Ginger Echinacea, Caffeine Free, 16 Wrapped Tea Bags, 1.13 oz (32 g)

Tea bags.

Echinacea purpurea roo.t

2,000 mg herb blend (ginger rhizome, Echinacea purpurea herb, lemon myrtle leaf (Backhousia citriodora), lemon peel, liquorice root, peppermint leaf, Echinacea purpurea root dry extract (2-8:1), cardamom seed, Organic liquorice root dry extract (6:1).

Pour 8 oz (~227 mL) freshly boiled water over 1 tea bag. Cover & Steep for 10-15 min. Enjoy 2 cups throughout the day.

Not specified.

Consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding; or if you have an autoimmune or other immune system disorder, or if you are taking immunosuppressants; or if you have liver or gallbladder disease. Not recommended for use with children under 12 years of age.

Superblends Defence 20 Tea Bags

Tea bags.

Echinacea (species not specified) root.

Green tea (26%), Ginger root (15%), White hibiscus, Cinnamon bark, Natural lemon Flavouring with other Natural Flavourings (10%), Echinacea root (9%), Lemon peel (5%), Natural flavouring, Natural lime flavouring (4%), vitamin C (2%).

At least 1 cup a day.

Not specified.

NA

Frontier Co-op, Organic Cut & Sifted Echinacea Angustifolia Root

Loose herb for tea.

Echinacea

angustifolia root.

Half a teaspoon contains 1.1 g cut root.

To prepare as tea, pour 8 oz. (~227 mL) boiling water over 1/2 teaspoon of root. Cover and steep 20-30 minutes, strain and serve immediately.

Not specified.

If pregnant, nursing, suffering from any medical condition, or taking medication, consult a healthcare practitioner before use.

Frontier Co-op, Organic Elderberry Echinacea Wellness Tea, 16 oz

Loose herb for tea.

Echinacea purpurea herb and root.

Elderberry, Echinacea purpurea herb, peppermint, yarrow, ginger, chamomile flower, Echinacea purpurea root.

Pour 8 oz. (227 mL) boiling water over 1 tablespoon of tea. Cover and steep 10-15 minutes, strain and serve immediately.

Not specified.

If pregnant, nursing, suffering from any medical condition, or taking medication, consult a healthcare practitioner before use.

Frontier Co-op, Cut & Sifted Echinacea Purpurea Herb

Loose herb for tea.

Echinacea purpurea herb.

One teaspoon contains 820 mg Echinacea purpurea cut herb.

To prepare as a tea, pour 8 oz. (~227 mL) boiling water over 1 teaspoon of herb. Cover and steep 3-5 minutes, strain and serve immediately.

Not specified.

NA

Lemon & Ginger Vitamin Honey

Honey

Not specified.

1 teaspoon (7g) contains:

15 mg Echinacea, 3 mcg vitamin D3, 10mg vitamin C, 0.4 mcg vitamin B6, 0.4 mcg vitamin B12.

2 teaspoons into warm water.

Not specified.

This product is suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding women, however we'd always recommend that you consult with a health professional if you are unsure before making a purchase.

Orange Vitamin Honey

Honey

Not specified.

1 teaspoon contains:

15 mg Echinacea, 3 mcg vitamin D3, 10mg vitamin C, 0.4 mcg vitamin B6, 0.4 mcg vitamin B12.

2 teaspoons into warm water.

Not specified.

This product is suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding women, however we'd always recommend that you consult with a health professional if you are unsure before making a purchase.

Wedderspoon Natural Manuka Honey and Ginger with Echinacea Drops (20 Drops per box)

Honey

Not specified.

Organic cane sugar, organic manuka honey (15.5%), organic brown rice syrup, ground ginger (0.6%), Echinacea (0.04%).

Not specified.

Not specified.

NA

A.Vogel Echinacea Lozenges | Extract of Freshly Harvested Echinacea | Blend of Other Herbs | Suitable for Vegetarians | 30g

Lozenges

Echinacea purpurea herb and root extract.

Each lozenge (2.2 g) contains:

Glucose syrup, raw cane sugar, honey, herb extracts, fresh Echinacea purpurea extract (0.62%), natural flavours, caramel colour, menthol, peppermint essential oil, citric acid.

As required.

Not specified.

NA

Honey Lemon Echinacea Soothe & Clear Drops 75g (Ricola)

Lozenges

Echinacea (species not specified) dry pressed juice.

Sugar, glucose syrup, Fair Trade honey (5.1%), extract (0.5%) of Ricola's herb mixture, vitamin C, lemon juice concentrate, acid (citric acid, malic acid), natural flavourings, natural Echinacea aroma (Echinacea dry pressed juice), mint oil, peppermint oil, menthol.

As required.

Not specified.

NA

Swanson, Zinc & C with Elderberry & Echinacea, Orange & Lemon, 60 Lozenges

Lozenges

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts) powder.

Each lozenge contains:
100 mg vitamin C, 25 mg zinc, 20 mg Echinacea purpurea powder, 20 mg elderberry extract.

As a dietary supplement, dissolve one lozenge in the mouth two times per day.

40 mg Echinacea purpurea powdered herb.

NA

 Table 8: Echinacea food supplements (solid dosage forms).

Product name

Dosage form

Echinacea species and plant part

Composition

Directions for use

Daily dose Echinacea (mg)

Additional information

NOW Foods Echinacea 400 mg 100 Veg Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea root.

400 mg root.

Take 2 capsules 1 to 4 times daily as needed.
Continuous high level consumption of this product for more than 2 weeks of each month is not recommended.

800 - 3,200 mg root.

For adults only. Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Grape Tree Echinacea Root 500mg

Tablets

Echinacea (species not specified) root.

500 mg root.

1 tablet daily.

500 mg root.

Linked to many health benefits including reduced inflammation, improved immunity and lower blood sugar levels.

Swanson Echinacea, 400mg herbal supplement

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

400 mg herb.

1 capsule up to 3 times per day. Limit use to eight consecutive weeks. Use periodically for a few weeks at a time (for maintenance purposes).

400-1,200 mg herb.

For adults only. Do not take this product if you are pregnant or nursing. Consult your healthcare provider before using this or any product if you are taking medication or have a medical condition, especially an autoimmune condition.

Echinacea, 1300 mg (per serving), 180 Vegetarian Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

65 mg herb extract (DER 10:1) equivalent to 650 mg herb.

Take 2 vegetarian capsules per day preferably with a meal.

130 mg herb extract equivalent to 1,300 mg herb.

If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical conditions, consult your doctor before use.

Life Extension, Echinacea Elite, 60 Vegetarian Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb and Echinacea angustifolia root.

Echinacea purpurea (aerial parts) extract 125 mg [standardised to 4% phenolic compounds]. Echinacea angustifolia (root) extract 125 mg [standardised to 4% echinacosides].

Take 1 capsule twice daily.

250 mg Echinacea purpurea (aerial parts) extract and 250 mg Echinacea angustifolia (root) extract.

Consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition or if you are pregnant or lactating.

Specialist Herbal Supplies (SHS) Echinacea Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea angustifolia.

325 mg. Preparation not specified.

1 capsule, 3 times a day, taken with food or a drink. If desired, up to four times this amount can safely be taken.

975-1,300 mg Echinacea angustifolia.

If you are pregnant, breast-feeding, have a medical condition or are under medical supervision, please consult a doctor before use.

Nuke Nutrition Echinacea Tablets High Strength x180 - Immune Support Echinacea Herbal Supplements

Tablets

Echinacea. Species and part of plant not specified.

200 mg extract (DER 10:1) equivalent to 2,000 mg Echinacea.

Take 1 tablet with your first meal of the day.

200 mg extract equivalent to 2,000 mg Echinacea.

Consult your physician if you are taking medication or are under medical supervision or if you are pregnant and breastfeeding.

Echinacea Extract Capsules 3500mg (High Strength) Echinacea purpurea

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea. Plant part not specified.

350 mg extract (DER 10:1) equivalent to 3,500 mg Echinacea pupurea.

Take 1 capsule per day with water.

350 mg extract equivalent to 3,500 mg Echinacea purpurea.

NA

Nature's Way, Echinacea Goldenseal, 450 mg, 100 Vegan Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts) and Echinacea angustifolia root.

450 mg Echinacea 7 Herb Blend:
Echinacea purpurea (stem, leaf, flower), Goldenseal (root), Echinacea angustifolia (root), Burdock (root), Gentian (root), Cayenne Pepper (fruit), Wood Betony (stem, leaf, flower)

Take 2 capsules twice daily, preferably with food.

1,800 mg Echinacea 7 herb blend.
Exact dose of Echinacea cannot be determined.

Do not use if you are pregnant, nursing, have stomach or duodenal ulcers, stomach irritation or inflammation. Not recommended for individuals with autoimmune conditions. If you have diabetes, or are taking any medications, consult a healthcare professional before use.

Nature's Way, Echinacea Purpurea Herb, 1,200 mg, 180 Vegan Capsules (400 mg per Capsule)

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

400 mg herb.

Adults take 3 capsules three times daily, preferably with food. Only take this supplement if they are suffering severe illness to stimulate the immune system and to not take for longer than 5 days.

3,600 mg herb.

If pregnant, nursing, or taking any medications, consult a healthcare professional before use.

California Gold Nutrition, EuroHerbs, Echinacea Herb Extract, Euromed Quality, 80 mg, 180 Veggie Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

80 mg Echinacea purpurea (aerial parts) extract (DER 5:1) equivalent to 400 mg dried herb.

Take 1 capsule daily, with food.

80 mg extract equivalent to 400 mg dried herb.

Pregnant or lactating women should consult with a physician, pharmacist, naturopath or other qualified healthcare professional prior to taking dietary supplements.

21st Century, Echinacea Complex, 250 mg, 60 Vegetarian Capsules (125 mg per Capsule)

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb and Echinacea angustifolia root.

125 mg Echinacea blend (Echinacea purpurea herb extract and Echinacea angustifolia root powder)

Adults take two (2) capsules daily with any meal or as directed by a healthcare provider.

250 mg Echinacea blend (Echinacea purpurea herb extract & Echinacea angustifolia root powder)

Consult a healthcare provider prior to use if pregnant, nursing, on medications, have a medical condition or are planning a medical procedure.

Sundown Naturals, Whole Herb Echinacea, 400 mg, capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

400 mg Echinacea purpurea herb.

Take (1) capsule seven times daily, preferably with meals. Capsules may be opened and prepared as a tea.

2,800 mg herb.

If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before.

Gaia Herbs, Echinacea Goldenseal, 60 Vegan Liquid Phyto-Caps

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea root, aerial parts and seed and Echinacea angustifolia root.

800 mg Proprietary Extract Blend:
Echinacea purpurea root, Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) root, Echinacea angustifolia root, Echinacea purpurea seed, St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) aerial parts, Echinacea purpurea aerial parts

Adults take 2 capsules 3 times daily between meals. 

4,800 mg Proprietary Extract Blend.
Exact dose of Echinacea cannot be determined.

Not for use during pregnancy or lactation. 

Specialist Herbal Supplies (Shs) Echinacea Compound

Capsules

Echinacea angustifolia

Echinacea angustifolia 92mg, Garlic 92mg, Myrrh 92mg, Wild Indigo 46mg. Echinacea preparation not specified.

1 capsule, 3 times a day, taken with food or a drink.

276 mg Echinacea angustifolia.

Do not take alongside blood thinning drugs such as warfarin. Not to be used in pregnancy and breastfeeding or for children under 12 years old.

Table 9: Echinacea food supplements (oral liquids)

Product name

Dosage form

Echinacea species and plant part

Composition

Directions for use

Daily dose Echinacea (mg)

Additional information

Nature's Way, Echinacea, 500 mg, 1 fl oz (30 mL)

Oral solution.

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

250 mg herb extract per 1 ml.

Adults: Take 2 mL 3 times daily. 
Children ages 6-12 years of age: Take 1 mL 3 times daily. 
Intensive: Take 2 mL every 2 hours for first 48 hours. Then take 2 ml 3 times daily for next 8-9 days.
May be added to foods/drinks.

Adults: 500-1,500 mg herb extract
Children: 250-750 mg herb extract.

If pregnant, nursing, or taking any medications, consult a healthcare professional before use. Not recommended for individuals with auto-immune conditions.

Echinacea Single Herbal Tincture 150mL

Tincture

Echinacea (species not specified).

Dried herb to liquid ratio W/V 1:5 or fresh herb to liquid ratio W/V 1:3.

Dosage is normally between 1mL and 5 mL added to a little water up to three times a day.

3 - 15 mL herb extract daily equivalent to 600 -3,000 mg dried herb or 1,000 - 5,000 mg fresh herb.

 NA

Baldwins Echinacea (angustifolia) Herbal Tincture

Tincture

Echinacea angustifolia.

Herb:Liquid 1:3.

No guidance.

No guidance.

 NA

Napiers the Herbalists Napiers Organic Echinacea Drops

Oral drops

Echinacea purpurea herb (aerial parts).

Not stated.

Take 15-20 drops 2-3 times a day. 15 drops = 0.5 mL.

30 - 60 drops daily. Equivalent to 1-2 mL solution.

Not suitable for children under 12 years. Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding.

100% Organic Echinacea Tincture Viridian 50ml

Tincture

Echinacea purpurea whole plant.

1 mL = 480 mg whole fresh plant.

Take 15 – 30 drops, 2-3 times daily in a little fruit juice or water.
15 drops = 0.5 mL.

31 - 60 drops daily. Equivalent to 1-2 mL solution or 480 - 960 mg fresh plant.

 Not to be used during pregnancy or lactation unless recommended by a healthcare practitioner.

NOW Foods, Echinacea Extract, 2 fl oz (59 ml)

Oral solution

Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea root.

Root extract. 1.6 mL per 2 droppersfuls.

Take 1 to 2 droppersful in tea or water 1 to 3 times daily as needed.  Continuous high-level consumption of this product for more than 2 weeks of each month is not recommended.

0.8 - 4.8 mL.

Not recommended for pregnant or nursing women.

Cytoplan Organic Echinacea

Oral solution

Echinacea angustifolia

1:3 extract.

Take 20 drops mixed into water or liquid of choice 2-3 times daily. 20 drops = 2mL.

40-60 drops daily. Equivalent to 4-6 mL extract daily.

Not suitable for children under 12 years of age. Not suitable for use whilst pregnant or breastfeeding.

Table 10: Combined acute exposure scenarios for the consumption 4-5 products of Echinacea (as dried root/herb) during pregnancy.

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Tea

Honey

Lozenges

Tablets/capsules

Oral liquids

Total consumed per day

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

40

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,900 - 13,000

N/A

19 - 100

40

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,100 - 6,700

860 - 6,000

N/A

40

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,900 -13,000

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

N/A

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,900 - 13,000

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

40

N/A

600 - 3,000

1,500 - 9,100

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

40

400 - 3,600

N/A

1,300 - 9,700

*Rounded to 2 significant figures.

Table 11: Combined acute exposure scenarios for the consumption of 3 products of Echinacea (as dried root/herb) during pregnancy.

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Tea

Honey

Lozenges

Tablets/capsules

Oral liquids

Total consumed per day

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

40

N/A

N/A

920 - 6,100

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

N/A

400 - 3,600

N/A

1,300 - 9,700

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

N/A

N/A

600 - 3,000

1,500 - 9,100

860 - 6,000

N/A

N/A

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,900 - 13,000

860 - 6,000

N/A

40

400 - 3,600

N/A

1,300 - 9,600

860 - 6,000

N/A

40

N/A

600 - 3,000

1,500 - 9,000

N/A

N/A

40

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,000 - 6,700

N/A

19 - 100

N/A

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,000 - 6,700

N/A

19 - 100

40

400 - 3,600

N/A

460 - 3,700

N/A

19 - 100

40

N/A

600 - 3,000

660 - 3,100

*Rounded to 2 significant figures.

Table 12: Combined acute exposure scenarios for the consumption of 2 products of Echinacea (as dried root/herb) during pregnancy.

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Estimated exposure to Echinacea (mg/day)

Tea

Honey

Lozenges

Tablets/capsules

Oral liquids

Total consumed per day

860 - 6,000

19 - 100

N/A

N/A

N/A

900 - 6,100

860 - 6,000

N/A

40

N/A

N/A

900 - 6,000

860 - 6,000

N/A

N/A

400 - 3,600

N/A

1,300 - 9,600

860 - 6,000

N/A

N/A

N/A

600 - 3,000

1,500 - 9,600

N/A

19 - 100

40

N/A

N/A

60 - 140

N/A

19 - 100

N/A

400 – 3,600

N/A

420 - 3,700

N/A

19 - 100

N/A

N/A

600 - 3,000

620 - 3,100

N/A

N/A

40

400 - 3,600

N/A

440 - 3,600

N/A

N/A

40

N/A

600 - 3,000

640 - 3,000

N/A

N/A

N/A

400 - 3,600

600 - 3,000

1,000 - 6,600

*Rounded to 2 significant figures.

Table 13: Echinacea products (oral dosage forms) with THR in the UK.

Product name

Dosage form

Echinacea species and plant part

Composition

Directions for use

Daily dose Echinacea (mg)

Echinaflu Soft Capsules 

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb.

176 mg of dried pressed juice from fresh flowering herb equivalent to 3.5-4.9 g of fresh herb (DER 20-28:1).

1-2 capsules daily for no longer than 10 days.

176 - 352 mg dried pressed juice equivalent to 3.5 - 9.8 g fresh herb.

Echinacea Cold and Flu Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) root.

140 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 838 - 1117 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 capsule twice a day.

280 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,676- 2,234 mg root.

Ekinalife

Capsules

Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. root and  Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

200mg of Echinacea pallida. Nutt. and 200mg of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench powedered root.

1 capsule twice a day for no longer than 10 days.

400 mg E. pallida powdered root and 400 mg E. purpurea powdered root.
Total of 1,600 mg powdered root.

Solgar Echinacea Cold and Flu Capsules

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

140 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 838 - 1117 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 capsule twice a day for no longer than 10 days.

280 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,676- 2,234 mg root.

Phytocold

Capsules

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

250 mg powdered root.

1-2 capsules three times a day fo no longer than 10 days.

750 - 1,500 mg powdered root.

Echinaflu Effervescent Tablets 

Effervescent Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb.

176 mg of dried pressed juice from fresh flowering herb equivalent to 3.5-4.9 g of fresh herb (DER 20-28:1).

1-2 tablets daily for no longer than 10 days.

176 - 352 mg dried pressed juice equivalent to 3.5 - 9.8 g fresh herb.

Echineeze 

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

70 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 460 – 530 mg root (DER 6.5-7.5:1).

1 tablet 3 times a day for no longer than 10 days.

210 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,380 - 1,590 mg root.

Echinaforce Forte Cold & Flu Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb and root.

1,140 mg dry extract from fresh herb (DER 1:12) and 60 mg (DER 1:11) dry extract from fresh root.

1 tablet two to three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

2,280 - 3,420 mg dry herb extract and 120-180 mg dry root extract.

Herbal Cold And Flu Relief Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

71.5 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 429 - 500 mg root (DER 6-7:1).

1-2 tablets twice daily for no longer than 10 days.

143-286 mg dry root extract equivalent to 858 - 2,000 mg root.

High Strength Herbal Cold And Flu Relief Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

143 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 858 - 1000 mg root (DER 6-7:1).

1 tablet three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

429 mg dry root extract equivalent to 2,574 - 3,000 mg root.

Echinacea Skin Care Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

71.5 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 429 - 500 mg root (DER 6-7:1).

1-2 tablets three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

143-286 mg dry root extract equivalent to 858 - 2,000 mg root.

Herbal Classics Echinacea Cold Relief Film-Coated Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

40 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 260 mg root (DER 6.5:1).

2-3 tablets three times a day.

240-360 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,560 -2,340 mg root.

HRI Cold And Flu Echinacea Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

56 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 338 - 450 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1-2 tablets twice daily.

112-224 mg dry root extract equivalent to 676-1,800 mg root.

Echinapret Coated Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb.

175 mg of dried pressed juice from fresh flowering herb equivalent to 6.7 - 9.8 g fresh herb (DER 38 - 56:1).

1 tablet three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

525 mg dried pressed juice equivalent to 18.4 - 29.4 mg fresh herb.

Thompson and Capper Echinacea Cold-n-Flu-Eze

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

105 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 630 - 840 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 tablet twice a day for no longer than 10 days.

210 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,260 -1,680 mg root.

Fuerte Tablets

Tablets

Wild indigo root (Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br.), Echinacea purpurea root (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), Echinacea pallida root (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.), White cedar tips and leaves (Thuja occidentalis L.)

3.2 mg dry root extract (DER 4-9:1) from Wild indigo root, E. purpurea root, E. pallida root and Wild cedar tips and leaves

(4.92:1.85:1.85:1).

5 tablets three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

9.2 mg E. pallida and 9.2 mg E. purpurea dry root extract. Total 18.4 mg dry root extract equivalent to 73.6-165.6 mg root.

Healthsense Echinashield Cold and Flu Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

70 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 420 - 560 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 tablet three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

210 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,260 -1,680 mg root.

Lamberts Echinacea Cold &  Flu relief tablets Nature’s Best Echinacea Cold & Flu Relief tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

105 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 630 - 840 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 tablet twice a day for no longer than 10 days.

210 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,260 -1,680 mg root.

Vitabiotics Echinacea Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

200 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 1200 - 1600 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 tablet twice a day for no longer than 10 days.

400 mg dry root extract equivalent to 2,400 -3,200 mg root.

Potter’s Skin Clear Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea angustifolia (D.C) root.

110 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 500 mg root (DER 4.5:1).

2 tablets three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

660 mg dry root extract equivalent to 2,970 mg root.

EKINACLEAR

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

50 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 300 - 400 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1-2 tablets three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

150-300 mg dry root extract equivalent to 900-2,400 mg root.

Lifeplan Echinacea Cold and Flu Relief Tablets

Tablets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

140 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 840 - 1120 mg root (DER 6-8:1).

1 tablet twice a day for no longer than 10 days.

150-300 mg dry root extract equivalent to 900-2,400 mg root.

Echinaforce Chewable Cold & Flu Tablets

Chewable tablets.

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb and root.

380 mg dry extract from fresh herb (DER 1:12) and 20 mg dry extract (DER 1:11) from fresh root.

2 tablets two to three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

1,520 - 2,280 mg dry herb extract and 80-120 mg dry root extract.

Herbal Cold And Flu Sachets

Sachets

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

71.5 mg dry extract from root equivalent to 429 - 500 mg root (DER 6-7:1).

1 sachet three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

214.5 mg dry root extract equivalent to 1,287-1,500 mg root.

Cystorelief Cystitis Uva-ursi & Echinacea oral dropsa

Tincture

 Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb, Uva-ursi herb (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (l.) Spreng, Herb).

240 mg of tincture from fresh herb (DER 1:12) per 1 ml.

15 drops in a little water 2-5 times daily. 1mL is equivalent to 30 drops.

240-600 mg of tincture from fresh herb.

Potter’s Elixir of Echinacea Plus/Napiers Elixir of Echinacea Complexb

Oral solution

Echinacea angustifolia (D.C) root, Wild Indigo root, Fumitory herb.

0.64 mL liquid extract from root equivalent to 640 mg root per 5 mL (DER 1:1).

5 mL three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

 1.92 mL liquid root extract equivalent to 1.92 g root.

Echinacin Juice MADAUS

Oral solution

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) herb.

117 mg of dried pressed juice from fresh flowering herb equivalent to 3.7 - 6.3 g of fresh herb per 5 mL (DER 31.5-53.6:1).

5 mL three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

351 mg dried pressed juice equivalent to 11.1 - 18.9 g fresh herb.

Echinacin Liquidum MADAUSc

Oral solution

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) herb.

1.99 g of pressed juice from fresh flowering herb equivalent to 3.4 - 5 g of fresh herb per 2.5 mL (DER 1.7-2.5:1).

2.5 mL three times a day for no longer than 10 days.

5,970 mg pressed juice equivalent to 10.2-15 g fresh herb.

Echinaforce hot drink cold & flu echinacea concentrate for oral solution

Tincture

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb and root.

1,140 mg extract (as tincture) from fresh herb (DER 1:12-13) and 60 mg extract (as tincture) from fresh root (DER 1:11-12) per 5 mL.

Days 1-3: Take 5 ml diluted in hot water five times daily.
Days 4-10: Take 5 ml diluted in hot water three times daily.

3,420 - 5,700 mg herb extract (tincture) and 180-300 mg root extract (tincture).

Echinaforce Sore Throat Sprayd

Oromucosal spray

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench herb and root, Sage leaves, (Salvia officinalis L. folium).

863.3 mg tincture from fresh herb (DER 1:12) and 45.5 mg tincture from fresh root (DER 1:11) per 1 mL.

1 spray (0.22 mL) six to ten times a day for no more than 7 days.

1,147 - 1,910 mg herb tincture and 60 - 100 mg root tincture.

Duchy Herbals Echina-Relief Tincturee

Tincture

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench root.

1mL of tincture from dried root (1:3) (equivalent to 33 mg dried root) per 1 mL tincture.

2.5 ml of tincture, in water, two or three times daily for no longer than 10 days.

5-7.5 mL tincture equivalent to 165 - 248 mg dried root.

a 1 mL contains 426 mg ethanol equivalent to 10.8 mL beer or 4.5 mL wine (43% v/v ethanol content).

b 5 mL contains 760 mg ethanol equivalent to 19 mL beer or 7.9 mL wine (19 % v/v ethanol content).

c 1 mL contains 179 mg ethanol equivalent to 4 mL beer or 1.6 mL wine (18% v/v ethanol content).

d 1 mL contains 370 mg ethanol equivalent to 8.4 mL beer or 3.4 mL wine (38-42% v/v ethanol content).

e 2.5 mL contains 900 mg ethanol equivalent to 23 mL beer or 10 mL wine (38-45% v/v ethanol content).

Table 14: Summary of doses and preparations of THR products in the UK and EMA monographs.

Echinacea species

Daily dose THR products UK

EMA monographs daily doses

Echinacea purpurea

Pressed juice from herb (DER 1.7-2.5:1):
5,970 mg (equivalent to 10.2-15 g fresh herb)
Dried pressed juice from herb (DER 20-28:1):
176-352 mg (equivalent to 3.5 - 9.8 g fresh herb)
Dry root extract (DER 6-7:1):
143 - 429 mg (equivalent to 858 - 3,000 mg root)
Powdered root:
250 -1500 mg.

Pressed juice from herb (DER 1.5-2.5:1):

6 - 9 g (equivalent to 9 - 22.5 g fresh herb)
Dried pressed juice:

Corresponding to the expressed
juice above

(EMA monograph, 2014).


Dry root extract (DER 5.5-7.5:1):

360 mg (equivalent to 1,980 - 2,700 mg root).

 

(EMA monograph, 2017).

Echinacea angustifolia

Dry root extract (DER 4.5:1):
660 mg equivalent to 2,970 mg root.
Liquid root extract (DER 1:1):
1.92 mL (equivalent to 1,920 mg root).

Powdered root:
500-1,500 mg
Liquid root extract (DER 1:1):
0.75 - 3 mL (equivalent to 750 -3,000 mg root)
Tincture (DER 5:1):
3-6 mL (equivalent to 1,500 - 3,000 mg root).

 

(EMA monograph 2018).

Echinacea pallida

Dry root extract (DER 4-9:1):
9.2 mg E. pallida and 9.2 mg E. purpurea (equivalent to 36.8-82.8 mg root)
Powdered root:
400 mg E. pallida and 400 mg E. purpurea.

Dry root extract (DER 4-8:1):
90-96 mg (equivalent to 360 - 786 mg root).

 

(EMA monograph 2012).